Disability is often misunderstood as being solely a characteristic of the individual, defined by impairments or limitations. However, the social model of disability offers a different perspective: it frames disability as a result of societal barriers rather than individual deficits. From a behavioural science viewpoint, this perspective opens up new ways to approach support, focusing on changing environments and systems rather than solely the individual.
The Social Model Explained
The social model of disability highlights how societal attitudes, inaccessible environments, and systemic barriers create challenges for people with disabilities. For example:
A person who uses a wheelchair is not disabled by their inability to walk but by a lack of ramps and lifts.
An individual with sensory sensitivities is not inherently disadvantaged but may struggle due to overwhelming noise or lighting in public spaces.
In contrast, the medical model of disability focuses on diagnosing and treating impairments, often placing the responsibility for change solely on the individual. While medical support is important, the social model shifts attention to creating equitable and inclusive environments.
Behavioural Science and the Social Model
Behaviour analysts can play a critical role in operationalising the social model by:
Identifying Environmental Variables: Behaviour is always influenced by the environment. By identifying and modifying barriers, practitioners can reduce the need for compensatory behaviours.
Promoting Choice and Autonomy: The social model aligns with a commitment to human rights and dignity. Supporting individuals to make meaningful choices fosters independence and well-being.
Advocating for Systems Change: Behaviour analysts can work beyond individual-level interventions to influence policies and practices that create inclusive communities.
Practical Applications
Environmental Adaptations:
Assess workplaces, schools, and public areas for barriers.
Implement changes such as flexible seating arrangements, quiet spaces, or visual supports.
Shifting Perspectives:
Use training and advocacy to challenge ableist attitudes.
Highlight how changes benefit everyone, not just those with disabilities (e.g., ramps are helpful for parents with prams).
Focus on Quality of Life:
Incorporate the individual’s values and preferences into planning.
Measure outcomes that reflect meaningful improvements in inclusion and participation, not just behaviour reduction.
Why It Matters
Adopting a behavioural perspective within the social model of disability has far-reaching implications. It reminds us that our role is not to "fix" individuals but to remove barriers and support equitable access to opportunities. Focusing on systems and environments, we uphold human rights, enhance quality of life, and promote true inclusion. By embedding the principles of the social model into behavioural practice, we not only advance our field but also contribute to a more inclusive society.
Which area do you feel most aligns with your practice?
Identifying and modifying environmental barriers.
Promoting choice and autonomy.
Advocating for systemic changes.
Integrating all three areas into your approach.